Dilemma fågel
Trevor Reed, another American who was freed in a Cold War-style prisoner swap in April told CNN’s Jake Tapper on Wednesday that fears such deals could encourage Moscow to seize more Americans. The hedgehog's dilemma , or sometimes the porcupine dilemma , is a metaphor about the challenges of human intimacy. It describes a situation in which a group of hedgehogs seek to move close to one another to share heat during cold weather.
They must remain apart, however, as they cannot avoid hurting one another with their sharp spines. Though they all share the intention of a close reciprocal relationship, this may not occur, for reasons they cannot avoid. Arthur Schopenhauer conceived this metaphor for the state of the individual in society. Despite goodwill, humans cannot be intimate without the risk of mutual harm, leading to cautious and tentative relationships.
It is wise to be guarded with others for fear of getting hurt and also fear of causing hurt. The dilemma may encourage self-imposed isolation. The concept originates in the following parable from the German philosopher Schopenhauer : [ 2 ] [ 3 ].
One cold winter's day, a number of porcupines huddled together quite closely in order through their mutual warmth to prevent themselves from being frozen. But they soon felt the effect of their quills on one another, which made them again move apart. Now when the need for warmth once more brought them together, the drawback of the quills was repeated so that they were tossed between two evils, until they had discovered the proper distance from which they could best tolerate one another.
Thus the need for society which springs from the emptiness and monotony of men's lives, drives them together; but their many unpleasant and repulsive qualities and insufferable drawbacks once more drive them apart. The mean distance which they finally discover, and which enables them to endure being together, is politeness and good manners. By virtue thereof, it is true that the need for mutual warmth will be only imperfectly satisfied, but on the other hand, the prick of the quills will not be felt.
Yet whoever has a great deal of internal warmth of his own will prefer to keep away from society in order to avoid giving or receiving trouble or annoyance. It entered the realm of psychology after the tale was discovered and adopted by Sigmund Freud.
What Is The Hedgehog Dilemma?
Freud stated, of his trip to the United States in "I am going to the USA to catch sight of a wild porcupine and to give some lectures. The dilemma has received empirical attention within the contemporary psychological sciences. Jon Maner and his colleagues Nathan DeWall, Roy Baumeister , and Mark Schaller referred to Schopenhauer's "porcupine problem" when interpreting results from experiments examining how people respond to ostracism.
The parable of the hedgehog's dilemma was referenced in the anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion , especially in its fourth episode of the same name. The award-winning short film Henry is a modernist version of the hedgehog's dilemma: in this story, the hedgehog eventually finds social comfort through a turtle, that is, a fellow social creature who is invulnerable to the hedgehog's spines. In the context of the original dilemma, this can be taken to represent the need for variability in human social preferences.
The Japanese vocaloid song Harinezumi by Tota Kasamura is about the hedgehog's dilemma.
The Hedgehog’s Dilemma
Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikidata item. Metaphor about the challenges of human intimacy. Not to be confused with the Hedgehog Concept from Good to Great. Schopenhauer [ edit ]. Freud [ edit ]. Social psychological research [ edit ]. In popular culture [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Psychology Today.
Retrieved 3 June Parerga and Paralipomena: Short philosophical essays. Oxford University Press. ISBN